Battery Packs and Assemblies

Battery packs are constructed from two or more individual cells or batteries.  The pack voltage is the sum of the individual cell or battery voltages.  All cells or batteries in the pack must have the same capacity. Batteries are devices that translate chemical energy into electricity.  Batteries are either of the primary (disposable) or secondary (rechargeable) types.  Further classifications include; lead acid batteries, reserve batteries, and lithium batteries.  Batteries come in variety of sizes and shapes to fit a wide range of applications.

The most important specifications to consider when searching for battery packs include voltage, capacity, and operating temperature.  The voltage is the nominal battery voltage.  The capacity in amp hours is the amount of time, from the start to the end of discharge, multiplied by the discharge current.  The operating temperature is the full-required range of ambient temperature range.  Battery packs can be disposable or primary batteries, or rechargeable or secondary batteries.  Primary batteries are nonrechargeable batteries, disposable.  Energy is exhausted as materials are consumed.  A secondary battery is rechargeable.  They contain active materials that are regenerated by charging.

The number of cells required for industrial lead acid batteries, or the total number of cells to be contained in battery packs are important to consider.  The packaging method for battery packs can be taped, shrink wrap or molded case.  Terminations for battery packs can be button top, screw type, springs, solder, bolt-on, plug-in sockets, snap fasteners, and wire or cable.

Important dimension specifications to consider for battery packs include width or diameter, depth, height, and weight.  Common applications for battery packs include general purpose, aircraft, automotive, camera or electronic cells, electric vehicle, industrial or forklift, laptop, marine or recreational vehicle, medical equipment, implantable batteries, military or aerospace, oil and natural gas industries, renewable energy, telecommunications, toy or hobby, and stand-by or UPS batteries. 

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